KIP-1065 — Add "retry" return-option to ProductionExceptionHandler

Accepted Kafka 4.0 Streams

Adds a `RETRY` return value to `ProductionExceptionHandlerResponse` in Kafka Streams so the `ProductionExceptionHandler` can instruct the runtime to keep retrying a retriable exception (e.g., `TimeoutException` for a missing output topic) rather than treating it as fatal. A prior fix (KAFKA-16508) hardcoded a break out of infinite retry loops by invoking the `ProductionExceptionHandler`, but gave users no way to opt back in to retrying, leaving the handler too coarse-grained for cases where retry is the correct response.

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