KIP-1051 — Statically configured log replication throttling

Discussion Broker

Allows `leader.replication.throttled.rate` and `follower.replication.throttled.rate` to be configured statically in broker properties files in addition to the existing dynamic-only support. Dynamic-only throttle configuration cannot protect against unplanned replication spikes (e.g., a broker rejoining after extended downtime) since an operator must react after the spike begins rather than proactively setting a safe ceiling.

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